Profilometric Quantification of Wear-Track Degradation in FFF Kevlar-Reinforced ASA Composites

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) produces components with characteristic topographical features that influence their tribological behavior. Because conventional roughness parameters may not fully describe the localized surface degradation of reinforced FFF polymers, this study evaluates the wear-track evolution of FFF aramid fiber-reinforced Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA) composites using a comparative profilometric framework based on pre-wear and post-wear measurements. Specimens with different infill configurations underwent dry sliding Ball-on-Disc tribological testing, followed by profilometric wear-track analysis and optical microscopy inspection. The macroscopic wear response exhibited a non-monotonic dependence on infill configuration. Under the present experimental conditions, the 30% infill configuration showed the most favorable average wear response, with the lowest wear volume and specific wear rate, whereas the 90% infill configuration showed the highest material loss. To compare the surface modifications induced by sliding, three derived relative profilometric descriptors were evaluated: Surface Texture Alteration Index (STAI), Peak Deformation Index (PDI) and Material Ratio Preservation Index (MRPI). These descriptors were used as complementary comparative parameters rather than replacements for standardized roughness or Abbott-Firestone-based measurements. Statistical analysis showed a very strong association between maximum wear-track depth and calculated volumetric material loss, indicating that deeper wear-track profiles were consistently associated with higher material removal within the investigated dataset. Furthermore, correlation analysis suggested that the initial material ratio may be more closely associated with the subsequent wear response than the initial arithmetic mean roughness. This study indicates that combining wear volume, wear-track geometry, optical microscopy and relative profilometric descriptors provides a useful comparative approach for evaluating degradation in FFF Kevlar-reinforced ASA components under sliding conditions.