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Related Concept Videos

Fiber Reinforced Concrete01:22

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
Reinforcements in Concrete01:25

Reinforcements in Concrete

Reinforced concrete is a composite material used extensively in construction, combining the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel. This synergy is essential as concrete, while excellent at resisting compression, is weak under tension. Steel bars, or rebars, are embedded in the concrete to handle these tensile forces. The choice of steel is strategic; it shares a similar coefficient of thermal expansion with concrete, which ensures uniformity in response to...
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Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate

Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in the...
Design Example: Distributing Reinforcements in Concrete Sections01:22

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The topic explores the practical aspects of adjusting steel reinforcements within a concrete beam section to meet specific design requirements. When designing a reinforced concrete beam, it is essential to distribute the steel reinforcements properly to ensure structural integrity and efficiency. The example provided details a scenario where a beam requires a total steel cross-section of 4 square inches. The engineer identifies that the available steel bars have a nominal diameter of 1.693...
Microcracking in Concrete01:20

Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
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Pore Size Distribution

In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
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Updated: May 28, 2026

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior
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Deconstructing Multi-Scale Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Coarse Aggregate UHPC: From Pore Structure Tailoring to

Jiyang Wang1, Yalong Wang1, Lingbo Wang2

  • 1Institute of Advanced Engineering Structures, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel cross-scale toughening strategy for ultra-high-performance concrete with coarse aggregates (UHPC-CA) using hybrid steel fibers (SF) and calcium carbonate whiskers (CCW). The hybrid reinforcement enhances full-stage crack control and improves tensile performance.

Keywords:
calcium carbonate whiskercoarse aggregatecross-scale tougheningsteel fiberultra-high performance concrete

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Concrete Technology

Background:

  • Ultra-high-performance concrete with coarse aggregates (UHPC-CA) shows complex multi-scale heterogeneity and damage evolution.
  • Current reinforcement methods struggle to manage fractures across all scales, limiting crack control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel cross-scale toughening strategy for UHPC-CA using hybrid steel fibers (SF) and calcium carbonate whiskers (CCW).
  • To investigate the combined effects of W/B ratio, coarse aggregate (CA), and multi-scale fibers on UHPC-CA properties.
  • To establish structure-property relationships for optimized UHPC-CA performance.

Main Methods:

  • Orthogonal experimental design to decouple influencing factors.
  • Joint characterization of mechanical properties, fiber dispersion, and pore structure.
  • Analysis of cross-scale synergistic reinforcement mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • An optimal UHPC-CA composition (W/B=0.32, CA=18%, SF=2%, CCW=1%) was identified, balancing strength and ductility.
  • Matrix densification is linked to W/B ratio, while mechanical performance depends on fiber distribution and interface.
  • A synergistic mechanism was revealed: CCW manages microcracks, while SF bridges macro-cracks.

Conclusions:

  • The hybrid SF and CCW reinforcement enables full-stage crack control and enhances tensile performance.
  • This sequential activation shifts failure from brittle to pseudo-ductile.
  • The findings offer a framework for designing UHPC-CA with multi-scale hybrid reinforcement.