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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
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Updated: May 28, 2026

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Published on: January 19, 2022

Natural Molecules for Brain Health and Resilience.

Vasiliki Venetsanaki1, Eleni C Pardali2, Christos Cholevas3

  • 1Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Nutraceuticals show promise for brain health, with huperzine A, luteolin, and olive oil polyphenols demonstrating the strongest evidence for supporting neurological function and combating cognitive decline.

Keywords:
Hericium erinaceusbiotinbraindietary supplementsflavonoidsfolic acidhuperzine Ahydroxytyrosolluteolinneuronutritionoleuropeinpalmitoylethanolamide

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Published on: April 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Nutritional Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Global rise in cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders necessitates novel interventions.
  • Nutraceuticals are explored for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
  • Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are key in neurodegeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review selected nutraceuticals for brain health and neurological disorders.
  • To evaluate mechanistic and clinical evidence for compounds like huperzine A, flavonoids, and olive oil polyphenols.
  • To identify promising neuronutrition agents and research gaps.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of scientific literature.
  • Analysis of mechanistic and clinical data for various nutraceuticals.
  • Assessment of evidence strength, consistency, and quality for each compound.

Main Results:

  • Huperzine A, luteolin, and olive oil polyphenols show stronger evidence for neuroprotection.
  • These compounds modulate cholinergic signaling, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress.
  • Evidence for other reviewed nutraceuticals is limited or preclinical.

Conclusions:

  • Huperzine A, luteolin, and olive oil polyphenols are promising for brain health.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role and optimize the use of these neuronutrients.
  • Addressing limitations and research gaps is crucial for defining their therapeutic potential.