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Obesity, Air Pollution, and Epigenetic Modifications as Risk Factors for Asthma Phenotypes.
Velia Malizia1, Angela Marina Montalbano1, Anna Bonomolo1
1Institute of Translational Pharmacology-National Research Council of Italy (IFT-CNR), Section of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 27, 2026
Summary
Asthma
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Asthma presents diverse clinical phenotypes and endotypes.
- Understanding risk factors is crucial for personalized asthma management.
- Key risk factors include obesity, air pollutants, and epigenetic alterations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the impact of obesity and air pollutants on asthma.
- To explore how these factors, with epigenetic changes, influence asthma phenotypes and endotypes.
- To highlight recent research advancements in asthma pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on obesity, air pollution, and epigenetics in asthma.
- Analysis of studies examining the interplay of risk factors and asthma development.
- Synthesis of current knowledge on asthma phenotypes and endotypes.
Main Results:
- Obesity and air pollutants interact with epigenetic factors to shape asthma.
- These interactions contribute to the development of distinct asthma phenotypes and endotypes.
- Evidence suggests a complex multifactorial etiology for asthma.
Conclusions:
- Further epidemiological studies are needed to investigate multiple risk factors simultaneously.
- Personalized asthma care requires a deeper understanding of risk factor interactions.
- This review underscores the need for integrated approaches to asthma research.
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