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Updated: May 28, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Sex Disparity in Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Audrey N Galimba¹, Ludivine Renaud¹, Samantha E Kotz¹

¹Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|May 27, 2026

Summary

Systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary fibrosis (SSc-PF) exhibits distinct molecular pathways in males and females. Understanding these sex-specific differences is crucial for developing targeted therapies for this severe fibrotic lung disease.

Keywords:

RNA sequencing comparative analysis fibroblasts pulmonary fibrosis scleroderma sex disparity systemic sclerosis transcriptomics

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Published on: January 16, 2013

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Fibrotic Diseases
Genomics

Background:

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a fibrotic condition with high mortality.
SSc-associated pulmonary fibrosis (SSc-PF) is the primary cause of death in SSc patients.
SSc predominantly affects women, but SSc-PF is more severe in men.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the sex-specific differences in gene expression profiles of SSc-PF lung tissues.
To identify distinct molecular pathways involved in SSc-PF progression between males and females.

Main Methods:

RNA sequencing of whole lung tissues from healthy and SSc-PF donors (male and female).
Validation of selected genes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.
Assessment of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) response in male and female lung fibroblasts.

Main Results:

Upregulation of extracellular matrix genes in females; upregulation of non-fibrosis-related genes in males.
Differential responses to TGFβ in male versus female lung fibroblasts.
Transcriptomic signatures showed only 9.19% overlap between sexes, indicating distinct SSc-PF pathways.

Conclusions:

SSc-PF progression involves sex-specific molecular mechanisms.
The identified sex-specific signatures underscore the need for precision medicine approaches in SSc-PF treatment.
Targeted therapies considering sex differences may improve outcomes for SSc-PF patients.