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Updated: May 28, 2026

Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation

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IgA Subclasses and Free Light Chains in Celiac Disease: A Pilot Study.

Valeria Carnazzo¹, Viviana Grieco², Valerio Basile³

¹Department of Clinical Pathology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|May 27, 2026

Summary

Celiac disease (CD) involves altered IgA subclasses and free light chains (FLCs). Newly diagnosed patients show increased IgA1 and preferential lambda light chain use, indicating immune response reorganization.

Keywords:

IgA subclasses autoantibodies biomarkers celiac disease free light chains

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Gastroenterology

Background:

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by gliadin in genetically susceptible individuals.
The immune response in CD is characterized by IgA-driven inflammation, but IgA subclasses (IgA1, IgA2) and free light chains (FLCs) roles are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize IgA subclasses and FLC profiles in newly diagnosed celiac patients.
To explore potential biomarkers for immune dysregulation in CD.

Main Methods:

Sera from 108 CD patients and 29 controls were analyzed.
Assessed conventional serological markers, total IgA, IgA1, IgA2, and FLCs using turbidimetric methods.

Main Results:

CD patients showed higher total IgA and an increased IgA1/IgA2 ratio.
A decreased kappa/lambda (k/λ) ratio was observed in CD patients.
Combined biomarkers yielded an AUC of 0.827, indicating complementary diagnostic information.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest a reorganization of the IgA compartment in CD, with IgA1 expansion and preferential lambda light chain usage.
These alterations highlight coordinated changes in the humoral immune response in celiac disease.
Further validation in larger cohorts is needed; these markers may refine CD characterization.