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Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children: Association with Individual and Familiar Factors Using Structural Equational
Ana Clara F Paiva1, Jéssica M Bittencourt1, Daniela Rabelo-Costa1
1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte 312070-901, MG, Brazil.
Summary
Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in children is linked to dental caries and recent dental visits. Factors like toothache and maternal depression influence DFA, but caregiver DFA did not correlate with children's DFA.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Dentistry
- Psychology
- Public Health
Background:
- Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) are prevalent in children, necessitating population-based assessments.
- Understanding the factors contributing to childhood DFA is crucial for developing effective interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the associations between individual and family-related factors and DFA in young children.
- To evaluate a structural model explaining the determinants of childhood DFA.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 272 children aged 4-6 years in Brazil.
- Self-reported DFA using the Children's Fear Survey Scale-Dental Subscale; caregiver DFA using the Dental Fear Survey.
- Dental caries assessed via DMFT index; structural equation modeling used for analysis.
Main Results:
- Dental caries showed a direct positive association with children's DFA (β = 0.145, p = 0.036).
- Toothache indirectly influenced children's DFA through recent dental visits (β = 0.401, p < 0.001), with more recent visits linked to higher DFA (β = -0.158, p = 0.037).
- Maternal depression was associated with increased caregiver DFA (β = 0.124, p = 0.006), but no link was found between caregiver and child DFA.
Conclusions:
- Children experiencing toothache and recent dental visits exhibit higher levels of DFA.
- Dental caries is a direct risk factor for DFA in children.
- While maternal depression impacts caregiver DFA, it does not appear to directly influence children's DFA.
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