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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists

Bronchodilators are critical in managing asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway constriction due to inflammation and hyper-reactivity. Specifically, bronchodilators ease this constriction by relaxing the bronchial muscles, facilitating easier breathing.
One class of bronchodilators includes β2-adrenoceptor agonists. These agents target the β2-adrenoceptors located on bronchial smooth muscle cells. By stimulating these receptors, β2-agonists induce relaxation in these...
Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:

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Updated: May 28, 2026

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
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Published on: June 29, 2021

Jacareubin Derivatives Increase Their Anti-Allergic Activity.

Rosario Tavera-Hernández1, Jesabel Pérez-Rodríguez2, Antonio Nieto-Camacho1

  • 1Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Jacareubin and its derivatives show anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties. Modifications revealed key structural elements for efficacy, suggesting jacareubin as a potential multi-target therapeutic scaffold for allergic diseases.

Keywords:
acetylationanti-allergyanti-inflammatoryjacareubin derivativesmethylationxanthone V

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Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
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Published on: September 16, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Xanthones, including jacareubin, exhibit anti-allergic properties through incompletely understood mechanisms.
  • Understanding the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of jacareubin is crucial for developing new anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the SAR of jacareubin and its derivatives (xanthone V, peracetylated, and permethylated forms).
  • To evaluate the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds using in vitro and in vivo models.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assays using bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) to assess inhibition of IgE/Antigen-induced degranulation, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and xanthine oxidase (XO) activation.
  • In vivo studies including passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and TPA-induced ear edema models.
  • Molecular docking to support XO inhibition findings.

Main Results:

  • Permethylated jacareubin (2b) showed superior inhibition of BMMC degranulation compared to jacareubin.
  • The fourth cyclized ring of jacareubin is essential for anti-allergic efficacy, as indicated by reduced activity in xanthone V (1).
  • Hydroxyl groups are critical for MPO inhibition, and jacareubin uniquely inhibited XO, confirmed by molecular docking.

Conclusions:

  • Jacareubin's structure, particularly its fourth cyclized ring and hydroxyl groups, is vital for its anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities.
  • Jacareubin acts as a multi-target scaffold, demonstrating potential for developing novel treatments for inflammatory and allergic conditions.