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Related Concept Videos

Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily  involved in a...
Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily  involved in a...
Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

Glycocalyx and its Functions

The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
Components of...
Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Complementation of Splicing Activity by a Galectin-3 - U1 snRNP Complex on Beads
08:48

Complementation of Splicing Activity by a Galectin-3 - U1 snRNP Complex on Beads

Published on: December 9, 2020

Galectin-3-A Multifunctional Molecule and a Key Player in Health and Disease.

Alina Lupu Surlea1, Ticuta Negreanu-Pirjol2,3, Laura Olariu3,4

  • 1Institute of Doctoral Studies, Doctoral School of Applied Sciences, Domain Biology, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 58, Ion Voda Street, 900573 Constanta, Romania.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Galectins, particularly Galectin-3, are widespread proteins involved in cellular processes and disease. Further research into Galectin-3

Keywords:
Galectin-3anti-inflammatorybiomarkerscancercardiovascular diseaseschronic diseasesgalectinsproinflammatory

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Complementation of Splicing Activity by a Galectin-3 - U1 snRNP Complex on Beads
08:48

Complementation of Splicing Activity by a Galectin-3 - U1 snRNP Complex on Beads

Published on: December 9, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins found across organisms, playing roles in cellular functions.
  • Galectin-3, a key member, exhibits diverse regulatory activities and is implicated in numerous biological processes.
  • Its involvement in both health and disease necessitates a deeper understanding of its mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive narrative review of human galectins, with a focus on Galectin-3.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of Galectin-3.
  • To explore Galectin-3's context-dependent roles in physiological and pathological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature synthesis of scientific research, clinical studies, and experimental data.
  • Analysis of existing studies on the biological and pathophysiological actions of Galectin-3.
  • Review of Galectin-3's structure, characteristics, roles, and activities.

Main Results:

  • Galectin-3 possesses pleiotropic regulatory activities, acting as both a pro-inflammatory mediator and an anti-inflammatory modulator.
  • It is significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases, cancer, organ fibrosis, and metabolic diseases.
  • The review highlights Galectin-3's potential as a therapeutic target and the need for further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Galectin-3 is a crucial molecule with significant implications in various diseases.
  • Further research is essential to fully understand its complex roles and develop targeted therapeutic strategies.
  • This review offers insights for future Galectin-3-directed research.