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Updated: May 28, 2026

Infection of In Vivo and In Vitro Pines with the Pinewood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Isolation of Induced Volatiles

Infection of In Vivo and In Vitro Pines with the Pinewood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Isolation of Induced Volatiles

Published on: September 27, 2024

Chemical Characterization and Rumen-Modulating Effects of Pinus sylvestris Essential Oil: In Vitro and In Vivo Study.

Natalia Pachura-Hanusek¹, Kamila Lewandowska¹, Anna Burek¹

¹Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego St. 38c, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 27, 2026

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Conifer essential oils, particularly from Pinus sylvestris, show potential for reducing methane production in ruminants. This study highlights their antimicrobial properties and effects on rumen fermentation, suggesting a natural approach to sustainable animal agriculture.

Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Microbiology
Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

Conifer essential oils (EOs) are natural additives with potential in animal production.
Their antimicrobial properties and effects on rumen microbial processes are of interest for sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize conifer EOs and their antimicrobial activity against rumen microorganisms.
To evaluate the impact of Pinus sylvestris EO on rumen fermentation and methane production in vitro and in vivo.

Main Methods:

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for EO chemical composition analysis.
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and IC50 assays for antimicrobial activity.
In vitro and in vivo experiments to assess rumen fermentation and methane production.

Keywords:

GC–MS analysis conifer essential oils methane emission rumen fermentation volatile fatty acids

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Infection of In Vivo and In Vitro Pines with the Pinewood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Isolation of Induced Volatiles

Infection of In Vivo and In Vitro Pines with the Pinewood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Isolation of Induced Volatiles

Published on: September 27, 2024

Main Results:

Ninety-two volatile compounds identified; monoterpenes, including alpha-pinene, were dominant.
Pinus sylvestris EO demonstrated dose-dependent effects on in vitro rumen fermentation.
In vivo, Pinus sylvestris EO significantly reduced methane production by ~28.7% after 14 days without altering ruminal pH or key fermentation parameters.

Conclusions:

Pinus sylvestris essential oil shows promise as a natural modulator of rumen fermentation.
It effectively reduces methane production in ruminants, contributing to environmental sustainability.
Further research is needed to optimize dosage and confirm long-term efficacy.