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Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

Stringent Response in E. coli

Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
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Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
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Updated: May 28, 2026

Population and Single-Cell Analysis of Antibiotic Persistence in Escherichia coli
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Published on: March 24, 2023

Pheromone cCF10 Enhances Persister Formation in Enterococcus faecalis via Transcriptomic Changes.

Jingxue Qian1,2, Xiaobo Yang2, Rumeng Li2,3

  • 1College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710600, China.

Microorganisms
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The pheromone cCF10 significantly boosts bacterial persister formation in Enterococcus faecalis strains carrying the pCF10 plasmid, increasing antibiotic tolerance. This discovery offers new targets for anti-persister strategies against persistent infections.

Keywords:
(p)ppGppEnterococcus faecalismetabolic reprogrammingpCF10 plasmidpersister cellspheromone cCF10

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bacterial persistence contributes to recurrent infections and treatment failure.
  • The pCF10 plasmid in Enterococcus faecalis disseminates antibiotic resistance but its role in persistence is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory role of pheromone cCF10 in bacterial persister formation in pCF10-carrying E. faecalis.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying cCF10-mediated persistence.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative analysis of persister frequencies.
  • Transcriptomic analysis (RNA sequencing) to assess gene expression changes.
  • Bioinformatics analysis of gene expression data.

Main Results:

  • cCF10 significantly increased levofloxacin persistence in E. faecalis OG1RF (pCF10) from 0.291% to 16.466%.
  • Transcriptomic data revealed cCF10 activates the stringent response (via (p)ppGpp) and downregulates energy-intensive pathways (DNA repair, protein folding, respiration).
  • cCF10 upregulates genes for biofilm formation and cell lysis resistance while downregulating its own sensing systems.

Conclusions:

  • cCF10 induces transcriptional reprogramming that enhances persister formation in pCF10-carrying E. faecalis.
  • The stringent response and associated metabolic pathways are key targets for developing anti-persister strategies.