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Soil microbial ecology is defined by highly diverse, spatially structured communities that drive nutrient cycling, organic matter turnover, and overall ecosystem stability. Although a gram of soil can contain thousands of bacterial and archaeal taxa, the ecological processes they mediate are even more crucial for sustaining terrestrial life.Microhabitats and NichesSoil is a heterogeneous mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air. Microbes inhabit distinct microhabitats formed by...

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Enhancing Soil Water-Soluble Carbon Stability Structure Through Straw Return in Maize-Soybean Rotation in Mollisols.

Enjun Kuang1, Lin Liu1,2, Zixuan Wang1,2

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Different straw return methods significantly impact soil water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) content and structure. Deep tillage with straw incorporation increases WSOC but alters its composition, affecting soil carbon dynamics in agricultural systems.

Keywords:
PARAFAC analysismaize–soybean rotationstraw returnthree-dimensional fluorescence spectrawater-soluble organic carbon

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Soil Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for soil health and agricultural productivity.
  • Straw return practices are vital for maintaining soil fertility and carbon sequestration.
  • Understanding the impact of different straw management techniques on soil labile carbon pools is essential for sustainable agriculture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of no-tillage with straw mulching (SM), shallow tillage with straw incorporation (SS), and deep tillage with straw incorporation (DS) on soil water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) content and structure.
  • To analyze the influence of these practices on the composition and humification degree of WSOC under a maize-soybean rotation.
  • To provide mechanistic insights into how straw return strategies regulate labile carbon pools in black soil.

Main Methods:

  • Field experiment comparing SM, SS, and DS straw return practices.
  • Quantification of soil WSOC content and WSOC/SOC ratio at different soil depths (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm).
  • Analysis of WSOC structural characteristics using spectral indices (FI, BIX, HIX) and Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) modeling.

Main Results:

  • SS and DS significantly increased WSOC content compared to SM, particularly in the topsoil (0-20 cm).
  • Deep tillage with straw incorporation (DS) reduced the WSOC/SOC ratio, indicating altered carbon lability.
  • Spectral indices and PARAFAC modeling revealed that WSOC primarily comprised microbially processed organic matter with varying degrees of humification and distinct fluorescent components (humic-like, Tryptophan-like, and Fulvic acid-like substances) depending on the season and treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Deep straw return practices can enhance soil humification and increase the structural complexity of WSOC, influencing soil carbon dynamics.
  • Straw return methods significantly affect the quantity and quality of labile soil organic carbon pools.
  • The findings offer valuable insights for optimizing straw management strategies to improve soil health and carbon sequestration in agricultural ecosystems.