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Updated: May 28, 2026
08:39
Translation Efficiency Test Using Polysome Profiles Under Heat Stress
Published on: October 11, 2024
Proteome-Transcriptome Discordance in Rice Under Drought Is Modulated by Post-Translational Modifications with
Zhiyu Guo1,2, Xiaohao Yan1,2, Jiansheng Liang1,2
1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
Summary
Plant stress responses involve more than just gene expression. Post-translational modifications like phosphorylation and acetylation fine-tune protein levels, impacting photosynthesis and metabolism during drought.
Area of Science:
- Plant molecular biology
- Environmental stress response
- Multi-omics analysis
Background:
- Transcriptome profiling is common for studying plant stress responses.
- The relationship between RNA and protein levels under stress is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between transcriptome and proteome changes in rice under drought-rewatering stress.
- To explore the role of post-translational modifications in regulating protein abundance.
Main Methods:
- Integrated multi-omics analysis (transcriptome, proteome, phosphoproteome, acetylome).
- Drought-rewatering stress experiment in rice.
- Temporal clustering of transcriptomic and proteomic data.
Main Results:
- Identified numerous differentially expressed genes and proteins under drought and rewatering.
- Observed widespread transcriptome-proteome discordance.
- Post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, acetylation) were linked to protein abundance regulation, especially in photosynthesis and energy metabolism.
Conclusions:
- Plant stress response involves complex regulatory networks at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels.
- Post-translational modifications are crucial for dynamically balancing stress tolerance and physiological function.
- A singular focus on transcription is insufficient to fully understand plant stress responses.
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02:41Responses to Drought and Flooding
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
01:10Transcription
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
01:57Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
02:04Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata
During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
01:56Riboswitches
Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
01:40Overview of Metabolism
Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...