IHPP: Improved Human Parts as Points for Multi-Person Pose Regression

Multi-personpose estimation is a fundamental technology for deep learning-based intelligent sensing systems, enabling downstream understanding of human action in applications such as surveillance, robotics, healthcare, and sports analytics. Most two-stage multi-person pose estimation algorithms suffer from low efficiency due to their decoupled representation between body and keypoints, resulting in a complex inference process. Single-stage algorithms such as AdaptivePose that represent body parts as semantic proxy points can substantially simplify the pipeline while achieving competitive results; however, the limited receptive field of convolutional features still makes it difficult to localize proxy points for long-range extremities in semantically informative regions. IHPP addresses this issue as a task-specific refinement of AdaptivePose; it enriches the proxy-point perceiver with directional context modeling along the horizontal and vertical axes and redesigns the second-step regression stage with a part-wise branch to reduce inter-part feature interference while keeping the overall pipeline lightweight. Here, we present IHPP in three sizes (IHPP-S, IHPP-M, and IHPP-L), optimizing the tradeoffs between efficiency and accuracy through fine-tuning of the channel dimensions for each bodypart feature. IHPP-L achieves 72.3 AP at 28 fps on COCO test-dev, surpassing DEKR-W48 and SWAHR-W48 by 1.3 AP and 0.3 AP, respectively, while IHPP-M reaches 69.0 AP at 35 fps and IHPP-S runs at 42 fps with only 9.4 M parameters. On CrowdPose, IHPP-M outperforms AdaptivePose-W48 by 0.2 AP with about one-third the parameters. Comprehensive experiments on the MS COCO and CrowdPose datasets validate the effectiveness of this design.