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A Method for Continuous Dual-Offline Payment of Cryptocurrency Based on Asset Credentials
Huayou Si1, Yaqian Huang1, Guozheng Li1
1School of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a new continuous dual-offline payment system using elliptic curve cryptography and zero-knowledge proofs for secure, private cryptocurrency transactions. The system enables uninterrupted payments and prevents double-spending, enhancing digital currency usability in offline scenarios.
Area of Science:
- Computer Science
- Cryptography
- Blockchain Technology
Background:
- Current dual-offline payment systems are limited to single transactions, failing to meet the demands of continuous payment scenarios in network-constrained environments.
- The widespread adoption of cryptocurrencies necessitates robust solutions for offline payment capabilities to ensure usability and accessibility.
- Existing technologies struggle with the complexities of multiple, continuous offline transactions, highlighting a critical gap in the cryptocurrency ecosystem.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and evaluate a novel continuous dual-offline payment system designed for multiple, uninterrupted transactions.
- To enhance the security, privacy, and efficiency of cryptocurrency payments in offline and network-constrained environments.
- To extend the applicability of secure micro-transactions to environments like IoT and sensor networks.
Main Methods:
- Integration of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) for secure asset and privacy credentials.
- Implementation of a dynamic credential decomposition mechanism for splitting input credentials into change and receipt credentials.
- Development of a batch verification scheme using smart contracts, incorporating zero-balance verification and chained hash tracing.
Main Results:
- The proposed system successfully supports multiple continuous dual-offline payments, ensuring security and privacy.
- Experimental evaluations show reduced gas consumption per payment and improved execution efficiency during batch processing.
- The system effectively prevents double-spending attacks, guaranteeing payment uniqueness and verifiability.
Conclusions:
- The developed continuous dual-offline payment system offers a feasible and high-performance solution for digital currency applications in offline scenarios.
- The system's lightweight cryptographic operations make it suitable for resource-constrained environments such as IoT and sensor networks.
- This research significantly contributes to the theoretical and practical advancement of cryptocurrency technology, expanding its application scope.
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