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Related Concept Videos

Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress01:25

Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress

In designing structural elements and machine parts using ductile materials, it is crucial to ensure that these components withstand applied stresses without yielding. Yielding is initially determined through a tensile test, which evaluates the material's response to uniaxial stress. However, tensile stress is insufficient when components face biaxial or plane stress conditions This condition requires advanced criteria to predict failure.
The Maximum Shearing Stress Criterion, also known as the...
Bending of Members Made of Several Materials01:11

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
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Stress Concentrations01:24

Stress Concentrations

Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller width...
Stress Concentrations01:13

Stress Concentrations

The concept of stress concentration is crucial for understanding how materials respond under bending stresses, particularly when there are irregularities or discontinuities in the material's geometry. Normally, stress in a symmetric member subjected to pure bending is assumed to be uniformly distributed across the entire cross-section. However, this assumption does not hold when there are variations in the cross-sectional geometry or the presence of notches and holes.
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Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and reloaded.
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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...

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A Coupled Experiment-finite Element Modeling Methodology for Assessing High Strain Rate Mechanical Response of Soft Biomaterials
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A Cohesive-Zone-Modified Point-Stress Criterion for Notched Polymer Composites: Derivation, Calibration, and

Mohammed Y Abdellah1,2, Osama M Irfan3,4, Hanafy M Omar3

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Qena University, Qena 83523, Egypt.

Polymers
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study enhances the point-stress criterion (PSC) for predicting polymer composite strength by deriving characteristic length from fracture process zone (FPZ) models. This physics-based approach improves predictions without empirical fitting for notched composite structures.

Keywords:
cohesive zone modelfracture process zoneglass/epoxy compositesnotched strengthphysically based d0point-stress criterion

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Computational Mechanics

Background:

  • The point-stress criterion (PSC) is used for predicting the notched strength of polymer composites.
  • Its predictive generality is limited by an empirically fitted characteristic length (d0).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a physics-based modification of the Srivastava-style PSC.
  • To eliminate geometry-dependent empirical fitting of d0 by deriving it from cohesive zone modeling (CZM).
  • To develop a unified computational framework for predicting notched strength in polymer composites.

Main Methods:

  • Derived d0 from fracture process zone (FPZ) length obtained via CZM.
  • Determined optimal FPZ length from the stationary point of the R-curve (dσN/dl=0).
  • Implemented constant and linear traction-separation laws in a MATLAB framework.
  • Validated against experimental data for Glass/Epoxy laminate.

Main Results:

  • The constant cohesive law achieved 84.7% prediction accuracy (15.3% mean error) with an optimal FPZ length (lopt) of 2.3 mm.
  • The linear cohesive law yielded 82.9% accuracy (lopt=3.0 mm).
  • The framework successfully captured size effects and finite-width dependence without empirical fitting of d0.

Conclusions:

  • The physics-based PSC modification, linked to CZM, provides a robust and predictive method for notched polymer composites.
  • The constant cohesive law is superior to the linear law for this quasi-brittle system.
  • This approach eliminates the need for geometry-dependent empirical fitting of d0, enhancing predictive generality.