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Updated: May 28, 2026

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles

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Wet Granulation as a Solidification Strategy for Converting Aqueous Nanosuspensions into Solid Dosage Forms.

Erasmo Ragucci¹, Marco Uboldi¹, Alice Melocchi¹

¹PhormulaMi Research Group, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Giuseppe Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy.

|May 27, 2026

Summary

Manual wet granulation effectively transforms nanosuspensions into stable solid dosage forms. This method preserves nanocrystal properties and allows for controlled drug release, aiding early-stage drug development.

Keywords:

BCS class II drugs immediate release mini-tablets solid dosage forms water-based nanosuspensions wet granulation

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Nanosponge Tunability in Size and Crosslinking Density

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Published on: August 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Technology
Drug Delivery Systems
Materials Science

Background:

Nanosuspensions (NSs) offer significant biopharmaceutical advantages for oral dosage forms, improving patient compliance and product stability.
Converting nanosuspensions into solid oral dosage forms presents a considerable challenge in pharmaceutical development.
The study addresses the need for effective methods to solidify nanosuspension formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate manual wet granulation (WG) as a laboratory-scale technique for transforming cinnarizine (CN) nanosuspensions into solid granules.
To evaluate the suitability of the resulting granules for direct administration or further processing into mini-tablets.
To explore the use of various polymers as carriers during the wet granulation of nanosuspensions.

Main Methods:

Manual wet granulation (WG) was employed to incorporate a cinnarizine (CN)-containing nanosuspension (NS) using different polymers as carriers.
Characterization of the resultant granules focused on their physio-technological properties and drug nanocrystal redispersibility.
The study assessed the suitability of the granules for subsequent tableting into mini-tablets.

Main Results:

The NS-loaded granules demonstrated favorable physio-technological characteristics and maintained effective nanocrystal redispersibility.
High drug load efficiency and expected in vitro performance were achieved with the granulated NS products.
The granules served as suitable intermediates for the production of mini-tablets, indicating successful solidification.

Conclusions:

Manual wet granulation (WG) is an effective laboratory-scale method for converting aqueous nanosuspensions (NSs) into solid granules and mini-tablets.
The WG process successfully preserved the essential properties of the drug nanocrystals.
Adjustable formulation and process parameters enabled diverse release kinetics, supporting early-stage screening of BCS Class II drugs.