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Short-term exposure to air pollution and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection risk: a distributed lag nonlinear analysis

Zhiping Long1, Zhiping Du1, Liyan Qian1

  • 1Infectious Disease Control Section, Jinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.

International Journal of Environmental Health Research
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Short-term exposure to air pollutants like NO₂, PM₁₀, and PM₂.₅ significantly increases Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, particularly in children. This highlights the need for air quality interventions to reduce infection risk.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Respiratory Infections

Background:

  • Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections are not well understood.
  • This study investigates the relationship between air pollutants and MP infections in Jinhua, China.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore exposure-lag-response associations between key air pollutants and MP infections.
  • To identify specific pollutants and time lags associated with increased MP case counts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized daily MP case data (2023-2024), air pollutant, and meteorological data.
  • Employed quasi-Poisson regression with distributed lag non-linear models to analyze non-linear and delayed effects of six pollutants.
  • Conducted subgroup analyses based on sex and age, focusing on children (0-14 years).

Main Results:

  • A total of 154,697 MP infections were reported.
  • Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter <10 μm (PM₁₀), and particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM₂.₅) showed positive correlations with MP cases.
  • NO₂, PM₁₀, and PM₂.₅ exhibited the strongest effects within 0-7 days, with significant 21-day cumulative risks. Children aged 0-14 years were most susceptible.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term exposure to NO₂, PM₁₀, and PM₂.₅ significantly elevates the risk of MP infections.
  • Children are particularly vulnerable to air pollution-induced MP infections.
  • Findings underscore the importance of targeted air quality interventions to mitigate MP infection risks.
Keywords:
Mycoplasma pneumoniaeair pollutiondistributed lag non-linear modelshort-term exposure

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