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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Total Cranial Vault Remodeling Using Multidirectional Cranial Distraction Osteogenesis in Craniosynostosis.

Ataru Sunaga1,2, Yasushi Sugawar3, Akira Gomi4,5

  • 1From the Department of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Jichi Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study refined multidirectional cranial distraction osteogenesis (MCDO) for total cranial vault remodeling in craniosynostosis, achieving comprehensive 3D correction. The improved MCDO technique offers a promising alternative for diverse skull deformities.

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Pediatric Neurosurgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Multidirectional cranial distraction osteogenesis (MCDO) was previously limited to anterior skull correction.
  • Occipital deformities remained unaddressed with earlier MCDO techniques.
  • A refined MCDO technique with an external frame encompassing the entire cranial circumference was developed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a refined MCDO technique for total cranial vault remodeling in patients with craniosynostosis.
  • To assess the ability of the improved MCDO to achieve comprehensive, multidirectional skull expansion.
  • To analyze the morphological changes and clinical outcomes following total cranial vault remodeling using MCDO.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-three patients with craniosynostosis underwent total cranial vault remodeling using the refined MCDO technique.
  • Surgery occurred between 2016 and 2021, with patients aged 7-98 months.
  • Cranial morphology was assessed using 3D CT scans preoperatively, post-device removal, and at 1-year follow-up.

Main Results:

  • All 23 patients achieved satisfactory cranial correction and expansion.
  • Significant improvements were observed in cephalic index for scaphocephaly and brachycephaly.
  • Intracranial volume increased significantly in treated patients, with low complication rates.

Conclusions:

  • Total cranial vault remodeling with the refined MCDO technique enables comprehensive 3D correction of craniosynostosis.
  • The technique effectively addresses diverse morphological phenotypes, including occipital deformities.
  • This MCDO approach presents a promising alternative to conventional cranial reconstruction methods.