Neglected post traumatic elbow stiffness: Practical considerations in prevention and management

Post traumatic elbow stiffness remains a challenging and often underestimated consequence of neglected trauma. The problem is particularly relevant in settings where patients present late or initial management is suboptimal. Recent evidence suggests that the incidence and severity of stiffness are closely related to delayed mobilization, high-energy injuries, and prolonged inflammatory response following trauma. Because of the unique anatomy of the elbow, even minor injury can result in significant loss of motion, and once stiffness sets in, it can be difficult to reverse. Over time, capsular fibrosis, heterotopic ossification, and soft tissue contractures combine to produce complex deformities. The condition is further compounded by patient-related factors such as pain avoidance, poor compliance, and limited access to structured rehabilitation programs. This review provides a practical framework for decision-making in neglected cases, including management algorithms, timing considerations, and rehabilitation principles relevant to real-world settings.