Cancer metabolism: from the Warburg effect to precision therapy

Tumor cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to enable proliferation, survival, and metastasis, making tumor metabolism a key target in cancer research. This study examines current breakthroughs in metabolic reprogramming, including the metabolism of glucose, glutamine, fatty acids, and other nutrients. It describes how these metabolic changes affect anti-tumor immunity and the tumor microenvironment. The molecular processes of metabolic control are investigated. Furthermore, the review discusses practical applications resulting from this study, such as metabolism-based therapy techniques and diagnostic tools. Finally, it discusses future research objectives and difficulties, emphasizing the possibility of targeting tumor metabolism to improve precision cancer therapy.