Inborn errors of immunity: a structured model for paediatric-to-adult transition of care

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Healthcare Management
• Paediatric Medicine

Background:

• Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) patients face critical care gaps during transition from pediatric to adult services.
• Lack of standardized guidelines leads to adverse outcomes like non-adherence and increased healthcare utilization.
• Growing IEI adult population necessitates improved transition strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a structured, multidisciplinary transition protocol for IEI patients.
• To enhance therapeutic adherence, continuity of care, and patient well-being during transition.
• To provide a framework for managing IEI patients into adulthood.

Main Methods:

• Practice-informed narrative review integrating literature, expert consensus, and clinical experience.
• Early patient identification (age 14) and a minimum 3-year overlap with multidisciplinary team involvement.
• Standardized documentation (clinical dossier, transition report) and outcome indicators (infection rates, quality of life).

Main Results:

• A proposed model emphasizes early identification, multidisciplinary team collaboration, and clear documentation.
• Addresses immunoglobulin replacement therapy options and patient empowerment.
• Highlights adaptability to various healthcare settings, despite resource needs.

Conclusions:

• A structured, multidisciplinary protocol is crucial for successful IEI patient transition to adult care.
• Standardized strategies can bridge care gaps, reduce discontinuity, and improve long-term management.
• Further research is needed to prospectively validate the protocol's impact on clinical outcomes.