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Interpretation, Interpretive Process, and Artificial Intelligence.

Neal Vorus

    Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
    |May 27, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Large language models (LLMs) show impressive empathic abilities, but true therapeutic psychoanalysis requires human connection. This study argues against AI replacing human therapists in psychoanalysis.

    Keywords:
    artificial intelligenceenactive dimensionenactmentinterpretationinterpretive processlibidinal tension systemmourningnew objectpsychoanalysistransference

    Related Experiment Videos

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Computational Linguistics

    Background:

    • Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate increasing capacity for empathic responsiveness, surpassing human abilities in some metrics.
    • This advancement fuels discussion on the potential of AI therapeutic bots in mental health.
    • Concerns and hopes surround the integration of AI in therapeutic settings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the potential of artificial intelligence, specifically LLMs, in providing therapeutic psychoanalytic interactions.
    • To assert that genuine therapeutic aspects of psychoanalysis are exclusive to human-to-human interaction.
    • To explore the driving forces behind the development of artificial psychoanalysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of current research on LLM empathic capabilities.
    • Discussion of a clinical vignette to illustrate the limitations of AI in psychoanalysis.
    • Review of factors motivating the development of artificial psychoanalysis.

    Main Results:

    • LLMs can emulate and, in some aspects, exceed human empathic responsiveness.
    • Despite AI advancements, the core therapeutic elements of psychoanalysis remain uniquely human.
    • The development of artificial psychoanalysis is driven by specific technological and societal factors.

    Conclusions:

    • The nuanced and deeply personal nature of psychoanalytic therapy necessitates human therapists.
    • While AI can simulate empathy, it cannot replicate the essential human elements crucial for genuine therapeutic change.
    • Further research is needed to understand the ethical and practical implications of AI in mental healthcare, particularly in psychoanalysis.