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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Types of Reversible Electrodes01:24

Types of Reversible Electrodes

For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Polyhalide Ionic Liquid Phase-Separation Strategy Enables High-Performance Four-Electron Transfer Zinc-Iodine

Zhijie Xu1, Jiaxuan Wang1, Peng Sun2

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics, Institute of Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Imaging in Medicine, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.

ACS Nano
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel ionic-liquid phase-separation strategy using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([EMIm]+) enhances aqueous zinc-iodine batteries. This approach prevents capacity loss by stabilizing high-valent iodine and protecting the zinc anode for improved energy storage.

Keywords:
Iodineionic liquidspolyhalidezinc anodezinc−iodine batteries

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography
10:14

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry and Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy Storage Solutions

Background:

  • Aqueous zinc-iodine batteries offer potential for grid-scale energy storage.
  • Challenges include irreversible capacity loss due to high-valent iodine hydrolysis and zinc anode corrosion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a strategy to overcome capacity fade in aqueous zinc-iodine batteries.
  • To enable high-energy four-electron redox chemistry through improved stability and anode protection.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of a dual-functional additive, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([EMIm]+), to induce polyhalide ionic-liquid phase separation.
  • Coordination of [EMIm]+ with electrogenerated [IBr2]- to form a hydrophobic ionic liquid (EMImIBr2) that separates from the aqueous electrolyte.
  • Investigation of the additive's role in suppressing hydrolysis, mitigating zinc corrosion, and guiding zinc deposition.

Main Results:

  • Phase separation effectively isolates high-valent iodine species (I+), suppressing hydrolysis and enabling reversible I0/I+ conversion.
  • [EMIm]+ mitigates Br- induced corrosion and promotes uniform Zn deposition on the (002) plane, enhancing plating/stripping reversibility.
  • Zn||I2 cells demonstrate high specific capacity (391.0 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1), excellent rate performance (302.4 mAh g-1 at 3 A g-1), and long-term cycling stability (70% retention over 2000 cycles).

Conclusions:

  • The proposed polyhalide ionic-liquid phase-separation strategy significantly enhances the performance and stability of aqueous zinc-iodine batteries.
  • This approach addresses key degradation mechanisms, paving the way for practical grid-scale energy storage applications.
  • High-loading pouch cells demonstrated practical viability, powering electronic devices.