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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.

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Updated: May 28, 2026

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
08:40

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Recent progress in transition metal nitride-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction.

Bo Ma1, Yuxiang Zeng1, Shuyue Li1

  • 1Tianjin Key Lab for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China. maxumax@163.com.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) show promise as affordable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), crucial for sustainable hydrogen production. Enhancing their structure and properties can improve performance, though challenges in understanding mechanisms and scalable synthesis remain.

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is vital for sustainable hydrogen production.
  • Noble-metal catalysts are effective but expensive for large-scale HER applications.
  • Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) offer a promising, cost-effective alternative for HER electrocatalysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in transition metal nitride (TMN)-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
  • To summarize the structures, properties, synthesis methods, and performance enhancement strategies for TMNs in HER.
  • To identify current challenges and future research directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TMN synthesis and HER performance.
  • Analysis of various fabrication techniques including gas-solid reactions, liquid phase reactions, in situ conversion, and plasma-assisted nitridation.
  • Examination of performance enhancement strategies such as phase, vacancy, heteroatom, heterostructure, and morphology engineering.

Main Results:

  • TMNs exhibit favorable activity, stability, and affordability for HER.
  • Synthesis methods like gas-solid reactions and plasma-assisted nitridation are employed.
  • Performance enhancement strategies effectively tune catalytic properties and HER kinetics.

Conclusions:

  • TMNs are viable alternatives to noble metals for HER electrocatalysis.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate catalytic mechanisms and improve stability.
  • Scalable and cost-effective synthesis methods are crucial for practical application of TMNs.