ARFGEF2-Related Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Luca Andreoli1,2, Davide Caputo3, Fabio M Doniselli4
1Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Neurosci
|May 27, 2026
Summary
ARFGEF2-related disorder, a cause of periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH), is linked to progressive microcephaly. Early genetic diagnosis is crucial for managing this rare brain malformation and its complications.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a spectrum of cortical development malformations with diverse neurological impacts.
- Recessive forms of PVNH include ARFGEF2-related disorder, distinguished by diffuse PVNH and progressive microcephaly.

