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Validating Temporal Eye Tracking Metrics as Orthogonal Biomarkers for Aggressive Traits: A Mixed-Effects Analysis.

Omar Alvarado-Cando1,2, Oscar Casanova-Carvajal2,3, José-Javier Serrano-Olmedo2,4

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Aggressive individuals consistently focus longer on negative stimuli, while adolescents show distinct early attention shifts. These visual attention patterns offer new avenues for aggression screening.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Science

Background:

  • Atypical visual attention to threatening stimuli is linked to aggression.
  • The developmental differences in visual attention (sustained vs. orienting) in aggression are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal dynamics of visual attentional biases in aggressive and non-aggressive children and adolescents.
  • To explore how sustained visual allocation and early orienting differ across development in aggressive individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a free-viewing paradigm with International Affective Picture System (IAPS) stimuli.
  • Employed eye-tracking to analyze first-fixation direction and dwell time in 119 participants (aggressive vs. non-aggressive cohorts).
  • Applied Linear Mixed-Effect Models (LMM) and Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Models (GLMM) for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Aggressive individuals showed greater sustained visual attention toward negative stimuli across all ages (LMM).
  • Early orienting differences to negative stimuli were more pronounced in aggressive adolescents, not younger children (GLMM age-by-condition interaction).

Conclusions:

  • Sustained visual preference for negative content is a stable correlate of aggression.
  • Early orienting differences in visual attention are developmentally modulated in aggressive individuals.
  • Temporal eye-tracking measures offer complementary data for computational aggression screening.