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Related Concept Videos

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles01:30

Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles

A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection01:27

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration can...
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...

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Related Experiment Videos

Eye-Tracking Evidence That Verifiable Explanations Support Visual Evidence Checking in AI-Assisted Chest Radiograph

Yong Han1,2, Wumin Ouyang1,2, Hemin Du1,2

  • 1School of Design and Innovation, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518000, China.

Journal of Eye Movement Research
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Verifiable explanations in AI-assisted chest radiography encourage clinicians to check original image evidence, especially when AI recommendations are incorrect. This improves inspectability and aids diagnostic accuracy.

Keywords:
AI-assisted chest radiograph interpretationeye trackinghuman-factors evaluationmedical AI interfaceverifiable explanationsvisual evidence checking

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Medical Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Current medical AI evaluations often focus on outcomes like trust or acceptance, not on user verification behaviors.
  • In chest radiograph interpretation, it's crucial to know if users re-examine original images when using AI assistance.
  • Verifiable explanations aim to make AI recommendations checkable against original image data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if verifiable explanations influence visual evidence checking during AI-assisted chest radiograph interpretation.
  • To assess the association between verifiable explanations and process markers of evidence checking using eye-tracking and human-factors measures.

Main Methods:

  • A 2x2 between-subjects experiment manipulated verifiable explanations (present/absent) and risk context (high/low).
  • Fifty-six clinically trained participants interpreted 24 chest radiographs with AI assistance.
  • Eye-tracking data (gaze transitions, dwell time) and response times were primary process measures.

Main Results:

  • Verifiable explanations did not increase AI recommendation acceptance.
  • When AI recommendations were incorrect, verifiable explanations led to more frequent AI-image transitions and longer dwell times on original images.
  • Exploratory analysis suggested a reduced tendency to adopt AI recommendations without verification when AI was incorrect.

Conclusions:

  • The value of verifiable explanations extends beyond final decisions to enhancing the inspectability of AI recommendations against original evidence.
  • Findings provide eye-tracking evidence supporting visual evidence checking in AI diagnostic interfaces.
  • Process-sensitive human-factors measures are vital for evaluating medical AI.