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Updated: May 28, 2026

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Published on: December 9, 2022

A Multi-Framework Approach to Medication Adherence Evaluation in Pharmacy Student-Led Medication Reviews: An

Hanna Keidong¹, Margit Valge¹, Kaja-Triin Laisaar²

¹Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.

Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 27, 2026

Summary

Pharmacy students identified medication use problems but missed broader adherence issues during medication reviews. Frameworks like WHO-MAM and PAPA can help improve comprehensive adherence assessment in pharmacy education.

Keywords:

aged clinical competence education medication adherence medication review pharmacy students

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Published on: December 9, 2022

Area of Science:

Pharmacy Education
Patient Adherence Research

Background:

Medication adherence is critical for treatment success and patient safety.
Pharmacy students may struggle with comprehensive adherence assessment during medication reviews (MRs).

Purpose of the Study:

To examine how pharmacy students assess medication adherence in real-world MRs.
To explore if adherence frameworks support broader evaluation by students.

Main Methods:

Observational study of 21 pharmacy students in Estonia.
Students conducted Brown Bag MRs with elderly patients (≥65 years) on ≥5 medications.
Expert panel used WHO-MAM and PAPA frameworks to compare with student findings.

Main Results:

Students primarily identified therapy/patient issues (dosing, side effects), neglecting socioeconomic/system factors.
Students identified adherence issues in 19% of cases; experts identified them in 57%.
Gaps included under-recognition of financial, access, and social support barriers.

Conclusions:

Pharmacy students effectively identified medication-use problems but missed broader adherence determinants.
Structured frameworks (WHO-MAM, PAPA) show potential for enhancing adherence assessment in pharmacy education.