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Introducing an Expanded Value Framework in Health Technology Assessment of Vaccines.
Farzaneh Eslami1, Thi Hao Pham1, Angga P Kautsar1,2,3
1Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
Journal of Market Access & Health Policy
|May 27, 2026
Summary
This study updates the vaccine value framework for Health Technology Assessment (HTA). It includes new elements like real-world evidence and environmental impact for better vaccine value assessment.
Area of Science:
- Health Technology Assessment (HTA)
- Vaccine value assessment
- Public health policy
Background:
- Current Health Technology Assessment (HTA) frameworks often overlook the broader value of vaccines, focusing narrowly on clinical outcomes and direct costs.
- This leads to the underrepresentation of the full preventive and long-term benefits associated with vaccination programs.
- Existing HTA models require adaptation to fully capture vaccine-specific value drivers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To adapt and expand existing vaccine value frameworks for enhanced Health Technology Assessment (HTA) applicability.
- To introduce an updated, operational, holistic, and context-sensitive framework for assessing the comprehensive value of vaccines.
- To support more transparent and equitable HTA decision-making for global immunization programs.
Main Methods:
- Building upon the ISPOR 'Elements of Value' framework and recent evidence, the study adapted and expanded existing models for vaccines.
- An updated vaccine value framework comprising 21 distinct value elements was developed, incorporating four new value drivers: real-world evidence, antimicrobial resistance control, health system strengthening, and environmental impact.
- Existing elements were refined, and elements were mapped to potential data sources and methodological tools for HTA inclusion.
Main Results:
- An expanded vaccine value framework with 21 distinct elements was introduced, including novel drivers such as real-world evidence and environmental impact.
- Refinements were made to existing elements, broadening concepts like 'fear of contagion' to 'peace of mind' and expanding 'productivity' to include education and leisure gains.
- The framework is designed to be operational, holistic, and context-sensitive, facilitating the inclusion of broader vaccine benefits in HTA.
Conclusions:
- The updated framework provides a comprehensive approach to capturing the full spectrum of vaccine value beyond narrow clinical and economic metrics.
- This enhanced HTA framework supports more informed, transparent, and equitable decision-making for global immunization initiatives.
- Consideration of conceptual overlap between value elements is included to mitigate the risk of double counting in assessments.
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