Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 28, 2026
03:19
Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
Published on: June 21, 2024
Kounis Syndrome Features in Special Populations
Alexandr Ceasovschih1, Nicholas G Kounis2, Sura Markos3
1Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Medical Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
Summary
Kounis syndrome links allergic reactions to heart attacks. This review explores how age, health conditions, and immune status affect Kounis syndrome presentation and outcomes in diverse patient groups.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Immunology
- Allergy
Background:
- Kounis syndrome (KS) involves acute coronary syndromes triggered by hypersensitivity reactions.
- Its prevalence is underestimated due to diagnostic challenges and low awareness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review Kounis syndrome in special populations.
- To highlight how patient factors modify KS presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of existing literature.
- Focus on age, comorbidities, immune status, and vascular factors.
Main Results:
- Elderly: Polypharmacy and plaque vulnerability favor Type II/III KS.
- Pediatric: Predominantly Type I, linked to allergies, stings, vaccines, antibiotics.
- Special populations (stents, CKD, pregnancy, atopy, COVID-19) show modified KS risk and presentation.
Conclusions:
- A host-modified framework integrating immune phenotype and vascular substrate is proposed.
- This framework can improve risk stratification and personalize prevention for Kounis syndrome.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
01:24Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
01:17Karyotyping
Overview
01:17Karyotyping
Overview
01:30Specialized Care Centers and Settings-I
Specialized care settings or centers are situated in convenient locations within the community and offer care to a specific group or population. They consist of daycare facilities, mental health facilities, rural health facilities, educational institutions, industries, shelters for the homeless, and rehabilitation facilities.
Daycare centers
They provide several functions. Some facilities care for healthy newborns and children whose parents work, while others are medically focused and care for...
Daycare centers
They provide several functions. Some facilities care for healthy newborns and children whose parents work, while others are medically focused and care for...
01:24Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management
Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...