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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
09:37

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Published on: July 19, 2013

Respiratory Cycle Influence on Lumbosacral Muscle Function: A Tensiomyographic Analysis.

Anthony B Trombetta1, William J Hanney1, Abigail W Anderson1

  • 1Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.

Muscles (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Skeletal muscle contractile properties measured by tensiomyography (TMG) in the erector spinae vary with breathing phase. Standardizing respiration during TMG assessment may enhance measurement reliability for trunk muscles.

Keywords:
erector spinaelatissimus dorsimuscle contractile characteristicsnoninvasive assessmentrespiratory biomechanicsskeletal muscle stiffnesstensiomyographytrunk muscle function

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Physiology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Tensiomyography (TMG) noninvasively assesses skeletal muscle contractile properties.
  • Muscle stiffness fluctuations during respiration can impact TMG interpretation in trunk muscles.
  • Understanding respiratory influences is key for consistent TMG data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of respiratory phase on TMG parameters of erector spinae (ES) and latissimus dorsi (LD).
  • To determine if respiratory standardization is necessary for reliable TMG measurements of trunk musculature.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty healthy adults underwent TMG for ES and LD at four lung volumes (ETIV, ETEV, TLC, RV).
  • Participants used visual cues for respiratory phase control.
  • Paired-samples t-tests analyzed TMG parameter differences across respiratory conditions.

Main Results:

  • Erector spinae (ES) showed significant differences in displacement (Dm), half-relaxation time (Tr), and sustain time (Ts) across respiratory phases (p ≤ 0.05).
  • Latissimus dorsi (LD) exhibited no significant differences in TMG parameters between respiratory phases (p ≥ 0.12).

Conclusions:

  • Erector spinae contractile properties are influenced by the respiratory cycle, potentially affecting TMG outcomes.
  • Standardizing respiratory phase during TMG data collection may improve trunk muscle measurement reliability.
  • Further research is needed to confirm findings for LD and identify muscles requiring respiratory standardization.