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Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

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Retraction Statement

    Pharmacology
    |May 27, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study on hypoxia-treated adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) and their exosomes for kidney injury has been retracted. The retraction was due to undisclosed, previously published images used to confirm stem cell differentiation capabilities.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Area of Science:

    • Regenerative Medicine
    • Stem Cell Biology
    • Nephrology

    Background:

    • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derived exosomes show therapeutic potential in various diseases.
    • Exosomes carry bioactive molecules that mediate cellular communication and repair.
    • Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a common model for studying kidney fibrosis and injury.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the therapeutic effects of exosomes derived from hypoxia-treated adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) on a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).
    • To evaluate the potential of AMSC-derived exosomes as a cell-free therapeutic strategy for kidney injury.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation and characterization of exosomes from AMSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions.
    • Administration of AMSC-derived exosomes to mice with surgically induced UUO.
    • Assessment of kidney function, histological changes, and inflammatory markers post-treatment.

    Main Results:

    • The study aimed to demonstrate that exosomes from hypoxia-treated AMSCs could ameliorate kidney damage in UUO mice.
    • Exosomes were intended to reduce fibrosis and inflammation in the injured kidneys.
    • The article has been retracted due to issues with the authentication of experimental data, specifically concerning stem cell differentiation figures.

    Conclusions:

    • The article "Hypoxia-Treated Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes Enhance the Therapeutic Effects on Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Mice" has been retracted by the journal.
    • The retraction is based on the identification of previously published images used without proper disclosure, undermining the study's findings.
    • Authors did not independently characterize the cell population, leading to concerns about the validity of the reported results.