Retraction Statement

The article "Hypoxia-Treated Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes Enhance the Therapeutic Effects on Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Mice" [Pharmacology. 2025;110(3):165-177; https://doi.org/10.1159/000542609] by Chi Zhang, Longjun Cai, Meimei Ma, Xiaohui Xie, Junsheng Wang and Yuanyuan Zhang has been retracted by the Publisher and the Editor.After the publication of this article, it was identified that Figure S1c in this article, depicting confirmation of the capability of the AMSCs for adipogenic differentiation, had been previously published as Figure 1C by a different author group depicting the capability of primary mouse BMSCs to differentiate to adipocytes [1].When asked to comment on the above, the authors stated that the image in question was provided by the stem cell distributor and that they did not conduct the differentiation experiments depicted in Figure S1, which was not disclosed in the article. As the authors did not disclose the source of the experiments and images in the figure in question and did not independently characterise the cell population before the study was conducted, the Editor concluded that the concerns undermined the results of the article and, therefore, the article has been retracted.The authors agreed to this retraction.