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Visualizing Oceanographic Data to Depict Long-term Changes in Phytoplankton
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Published on: July 28, 2023

Flipping plankton.

Bridget S Wade1, Paul N Pearson1, David J King1

  • 1Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sudden shell coiling reversals in planktonic foraminifera indicate rapid, cryptic speciation events, not just environmental changes. These flips mark hidden evolutionary dynamics in marine microplankton diversity.

Keywords:
coilingevolutionpopulation sweepsspeciation

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Marine Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Planktonic foraminifera exhibit sudden, global reversals in shell coiling direction in the fossil record.
  • These coiling shifts have historically been viewed as phenotypic responses to environment, not evolutionary signals.
  • Recent evidence suggests genetic variants influence coiling preference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on the evolutionary significance of shell coiling reversals in planktonic foraminifera.
  • To investigate the timescale and drivers of these abrupt evolutionary events.
  • To challenge traditional species delimitation models in planktonic foraminifera.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of recent evidence from multiple case studies.
  • Analysis of fossil records spanning the Eocene to the Recent (56 million years ago).
  • Examination of coiling direction changes across diverse taxa and ocean basins.

Main Results:

  • Coiling flips occur rapidly (thousands of years or less), too fast for gradual trait evolution.
  • Synchronous reversals suggest cryptic speciation and population sweeps linked to habitat preferences.
  • Coiling direction serves as a marker for evolutionary dynamics when competing groups have different preferences.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid coiling reversals signal ecological speciation mediated by habitat partitioning.
  • Reproductive isolation may not be the sole determinant of species in planktonic foraminifera.
  • Shell coiling direction is a marker, not an adaptive trait, revealing hidden evolutionary processes.