Management of Vitamin D in Chronic Kidney Disease

Vitamin D plays a vital role in numerous physiological processes, including immune function, cardiovascular health, and bone maintenance. The adequacy of its status has been strongly associated with morbidity and mortality across diverse populations, particularly among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Given the kidneys' critical role in vitamin D metabolism and homeostasis, deficiency is highly prevalent in this population and has been linked to adverse outcomes and poor survival. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of vitamin D, its sources, metabolism, physiological actions, and clinical management of its deficiency or insufficiency, with a specific focus on patients with CKD.