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Related Concept Videos

Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs
11:36

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs

Published on: April 21, 2012

Leishmaniasis.

Naomi E Aronson1, Ahmed M Musa2, Abhay R Satoskar3,4

  • 1Infectious Diseases Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD.

The New England Journal of Medicine
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leishmaniases are diseases caused by Leishmania parasites transmitted by sand flies. While cutaneous leishmaniasis cases rise, visceral leishmaniasis declines, with new molecular diagnostics and combination therapies emerging.

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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs
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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by Leishmania parasites.
  • Transmission occurs via infected sand fly bites.
  • Diseases include cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral leishmaniasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the current status of leishmaniases.
  • To highlight diagnostic and therapeutic advances.
  • To discuss epidemiological trends.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on leishmaniases.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data.
  • Discussion of diagnostic and treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis cases are increasing, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean region.
  • Visceral leishmaniasis prevalence is decreasing globally.
  • Molecular diagnostic methods are becoming standard for species identification.
  • Combination therapies are a recent advance for visceral leishmaniasis.
  • Two human leishmaniasis vaccines are in development.

Conclusions:

  • Leishmaniases remain a significant global health challenge.
  • Advances in diagnostics and treatment offer improved management.
  • Vaccine development holds promise for future prevention.