Home CPAP/NIV in pediatric patients: which disorders?

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Pulmonology
• Respiratory Medicine
• Medical Device Utilization

Background:

• A 2019 French national survey identified 1447 children using long-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV).
• Limited data exists on the specific pediatric disorders necessitating CPAP or NIV treatment.
• This study aimed to detail the disorders requiring CPAP/NIV across different age groups.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze and report the specific pediatric disorders requiring CPAP and NIV.
• To categorize these disorders based on age groups (0-2, 3-5, 6-10, ≥11 years).
• To provide insights into the prevalence of conditions managed with respiratory support in children.

Main Methods:

• Data was sourced from the 2019 French national survey.
• Children were categorized into four age groups: 0-2, 3-5, 6-10, and ≥11 years old.
• The number of children and their respective disorders were reported for each age category and treatment type (CPAP/NIV).

Main Results:

• Children under 3 years old were most frequently treated with CPAP/NIV.
• Common CPAP indications included Down syndrome and Robin sequence (<3 years), OSAS and Down syndrome (3-5 years), and obesity and OSAS (≥6 years).
• NIV was primarily used for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) types 1 & 2 (<3 years), SMA type 2 (3-10 years), and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) (≥11 years).

Conclusions:

• Obesity, Down syndrome, OSAS, SMA type 2, and DMD are the most frequent disorders managed with home CPAP/NIV in France.
• These findings highlight key conditions requiring respiratory support in pediatric populations.
• The landscape of these disorders may evolve with advancements in rare disease therapies.