Assisted reproduction and family diversity

The current debates about a 'fertility crisis' focus on increasing rates of delayed parenthood and decisions not to have a child. Delayed childbearing may lead to a rise in the number of people using assisted reproductive technology, including using donor gametes. Empirical research consistently shows that families formed through donor conception function similarly to families formed through unassisted conception. However, some families experience stigma and a lack of understanding from others. Studies highlight both the strengths and weaknesses of being an older parent, and older parents who use assisted reproduction may differ from those who conceive without medical assistance. Inconsistent definitions of what constitutes 'older' parental age further complicate the synthesis and comparison of existing research. Debates about a fertility crisis must also be situated within a broader landscape of expanding reproductive possibilities, including parenthood among solo parents and LGBTQ+ parents. While reproductive options are expanding for some, access remains uneven and is constrained for many by financial, cultural and legal barriers.