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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
07:32

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Published on: February 23, 2024

Vertical Maxillary Movement Is Associated With Incisal Display in Orthognathic Surgery.

Michael D Han1, Andy Shimchuk2, Emilie Dosoudil2

  • 1Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Maxillary incisal display (MID) is primarily influenced by vertical maxillary movement (VM) in orthognathic surgery, explaining 88.3% of changes. Other movements like anteroposterior or pitch showed no significant association.

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Dentofacial Deformities
  • Surgical Planning

Background:

  • Maxillary incisal display (MID) is crucial for orthodontic and orthognathic surgical planning, impacting facial aesthetics.
  • Current methods for determining MID lack robust evidence regarding the correlation with maxillary movements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the association between maxillary movements and changes in maxillary incisal display (MID) following orthognathic surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study analyzing cone-beam computed tomography scans from patients undergoing maxillary orthognathic surgery.
  • Primary predictor: vertical maxillary movement (VM). Secondary predictors: anteroposterior maxillary movement (APM) and maxillary pitch (MP).
  • Multivariable linear regression was used to assess relationships, with MID change as the main outcome.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

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Main Results:

  • A strong, near 1:1 relationship was found between MID change and vertical maxillary movement (VM) (adjusted R² = 0.883, P < .001).
  • Anteroposterior maxillary movement (APM), maxillary pitch (MP), and V-Y closure technique did not show significant associations with MID change.
  • The study included 19 patients (78.9% female) with a mean age of 18.3 years.

Conclusions:

  • Vertical maxillary movement is the primary determinant of changes in maxillary incisal display in orthognathic surgery.
  • Understanding the predictive relationship between VM and MID aids clinicians in planning surgical interventions for dentofacial deformities.
  • APM, MP, and V-Y closure are not significant predictors of MID changes in this patient cohort.