Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired molecule. These three...
Radical Formation: Addition00:47

Radical Formation: Addition

Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an unpaired...
Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals01:16

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For instance, consider...
Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular01:33

Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular

Radical reactions can occur either intermolecularly or intramolecularly. In an intermolecular radical reaction, a nucleophilic radical adds to an electrophilic alkene or vice versa. In such reactions, the radical and generally the alkene, which is also called the radical trap, are two different molecules. Additionally, for such intermolecular reactions to occur, the radical trap must be active, present in an excess concentration, and the radical starting material must have a weak carbon–halogen...
Radical Formation: Overview01:03

Radical Formation: Overview

A bond can be broken either by heterolytic bond cleavage to form ions or homolytic bond cleavage to yield radicals. A fishhook arrow is used to represent the motion of a single electron in homolytic bond cleavage. There are two main sources from which radicals can be formed:
Radicals from spin-paired molecules:
Radicals can be obtained from spin-paired molecules either by homolysis or electron transfer. While two radicals are formed in the former, an electron is added in the latter, also known...
Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols01:21

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PFAS free chemically amplified resists enabled by low activation energy hydrocarbon cage monomers.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Oleraciamides A and B: Confirmation and Revision of Structures.

Journal of natural products·2026
Same author

Charge transport through linear carbon atomic chains.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same author

Trapped Cycloadducts of 1-Azabutadienes via Microwave-Assisted Ring Opening of <i>N</i>-Acyl-2-azetines.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2026
Same author

Pullenvasterols A-G: Rare 2β-Hydroxyanthrasteroids from the Australian Soil-Derived Fungi, <i>Clonostachys rosea</i> and <i>Coccidioides</i> sp.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

Goondicones I-K and Cratermycins A-D: Cultivation Profiling Enabled the Search for New Anthelmintics from an Australian Pasture Soil-Derived <i>Actinomadura</i> sp.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Iron Complexes as Catalysts for Electrochemical Atom Transfer Radical Addition.

Bing Cao1, Masnun Naher1, Craig M Williams1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.

Inorganic Chemistry
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Iron complexes with tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) ligands catalyze electrochemical atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reactions. These iron-TPMA catalysts offer controlled radical activation, yielding fewer side products compared to copper complexes.

More Related Videos

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase
10:01

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase

Published on: December 4, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase
10:01

Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase

Published on: December 4, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Iron complexes of tetradentate tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) are established catalysts for organic oxidation reactions.
  • Atom Transfer Radical Addition (ATRA) is a crucial synthetic methodology in organic chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of various Fe-TPMA complexes as catalysts in electrochemical atom transfer radical addition (ATRA).
  • To explore the influence of different coligands on the catalytic activity and selectivity of Fe-TPMA complexes in ATRA reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and structural characterization of mononuclear and di-iron TPMA complexes.
  • Electrochemical analysis of Fe-TPMA complexes in acetonitrile.
  • Application of Fe-TPMA catalysts in the electrochemical ATRA of bromoacetonitrile to styrene.

Main Results:

  • Yields of the ATRA product were significantly influenced by the nature of the coligands.
  • Compared to analogous copper complexes, iron catalysts exhibited slower radical activation.
  • The slower radical activation by iron catalysts advantageously resulted in a reduction of side products.

Conclusions:

  • Fe-TPMA complexes are effective catalysts for electrochemical ATRA reactions.
  • The choice of coligands plays a critical role in tuning the catalytic performance of Fe-TPMA complexes.
  • Iron-based ATRA catalysis offers a potentially more selective alternative to copper-based systems.