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Skinfolds Measurement Protocols and Standards: A Narrative Review.

Joaquim H Cintra1, Jarson P Costa-Pereira2, Wagner L Ripka3

  • 1Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.

Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skinfold thickness measurements, crucial for assessing body fat, show significant protocol variations. These differences impact study reproducibility and comparability, highlighting the need for standardized methods in research and clinical settings.

Keywords:
anthropometrybody compositionprotocolsreference standardsskinfold thickness

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Area of Science:

  • Anthropometry
  • Body Composition Analysis
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Skinfold thickness is a common anthropometric method for estimating body fat.
  • Existing measurement protocols and standardization systems exhibit considerable heterogeneity.
  • This variability can compromise the reproducibility and comparability of research findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize the development of skinfold measurement protocols and standards.
  • To compare the characteristics of different protocols and standards.
  • To examine the implications of these variations for research and clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review synthesizing data from textbooks, manuals, and peer-reviewed studies.
  • Systematic comparison of five established skinfold measurement standards.
  • Analysis focused on anatomical landmarking, fold orientation, pinching, and reading time.

Main Results:

  • Seventeen skinfold sites and 31 technical descriptions were identified.
  • General principles like right-side assessment and perpendicular caliper use were common.
  • Significant divergences exist in anatomical definitions, fold orientation, landmark precision, and reading times, especially at trunk sites.

Conclusions:

  • Current skinfold measurement protocols and standards are not interchangeable.
  • They represent diverse international efforts rather than a single standardized process.
  • Addressing heterogeneity is crucial for improving the reliability of body composition assessments.