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Outcomes and predictive factors in pediatric drowning: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prehospital

Mohammed Alsabri1,2, Shree Rath3, Hamza Irfan4

  • 1Emergency Department, Althawara Modern General Hospital, Sanaa, Yemen.

International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion
|May 27, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric drowning is a critical global health issue, with a 24% mortality rate. While 63% of children survive, many face neurological deficits, highlighting the need for improved prevention and management strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Drowning is a leading cause of death in children worldwide.
  • Effective management and prevention strategies are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess mortality and resuscitation success rates in pediatric drowning.
  • To analyze neurological outcomes and discharge rates in pediatric drowning survivors.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published until November 2024.
  • Inclusion of data from PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus.
  • Evaluation of mortality, discharge, neurological outcomes, and resuscitation success.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 2,436 pediatric drowning cases from 24 studies.
  • Pooled mortality rate of 24% and discharge rate of 63%.
  • 39% resuscitation success rate, with bystander CPR showing higher efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric drowning poses a significant public health challenge with high mortality and neurological impairment.
  • Standardized protocols and prevention strategies are urgently needed, especially in resource-limited settings.

Keywords:
Resuscitationhypoxic brain injurymortalityneurological outcomespatient outcomessubmersion injury

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