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Single-Molecule Measurement of Protein Interaction Dynamics Within Biomolecular Condensates
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Published on: January 5, 2024

Cellular water-potential sensing through biomolecular condensation.

Yunhe Wang1,2,3, Longchen Zhu4, Yun Yang1

  • 1Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Nature
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Plant cells sense water potential using the SAM8 protein, which condenses under water-deficit conditions. This protein regulates gene expression, aiding survival during drought and improving seed germination.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Water is essential for cellular functions, and cells experience decreased water potential under water-deficient conditions.
  • The mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to changes in water potential are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify proteins involved in sensing water potential changes in plant cells.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism of cellular response to hyperosmotic stress.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of a sterile alpha motif (SAM)-containing protein, SAM8.
  • In vivo and in vitro studies using biophysical techniques, reconstitution, and bioimaging.
  • Analysis of RNA export factors, mRNA nuclear retention, and translational reprogramming.

Main Results:

  • SAM8 undergoes water-potential-dependent condensation, crucial for hyperosmotic stress tolerance and seed germination.
  • SAM8 hydration is regulated by a negatively charged patch, weakening under water-deficient conditions to promote condensation.
  • SAM8 condensates sequester RNA export factors, causing mRNA retention and altered translation under stress.

Conclusions:

  • Plant cells possess a direct mechanism to sense and respond to water status via SAM8 protein condensation.
  • This mechanism involves reprogramming molecular interactions and sequestering RNA export factors.
  • Findings provide insight into plant adaptation strategies for water deficit conditions.