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Memory-guided selective attention: Evidence for context-specific control using the trial-unique Stroop task.

Stephanie L Souliere¹, Nicholaus P Brosowsky²

¹Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

|May 27, 2026

Summary

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Contextual cues guide selective attention via memory, influencing Stroop effects. Visual cues are more effective than auditory cues in this memory-guided attention process.

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

Stroop effects are influenced by proportion congruency, suggesting context-specific cue involvement.
Previous replication attempts have been challenging due to experimental design limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To reevaluate the memory-guided hypothesis of selective attention.
To investigate the role of contextual cues in modulating Stroop effects using a trial-unique paradigm.

Main Methods:

Employed a trial-unique Stroop paradigm to prevent associative learning.
Manipulated proportion congruency across distinct auditory-visual contexts.
Experiment 2 differentiated the effectiveness of auditory, visual, and combined cues.

Main Results:

Keywords:

Attention Cognitive control Conflict adaptation Context-dependent Context-specific proportion congruency

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A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets

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Larger congruency effects were observed in low-conflict contexts compared to high-conflict contexts.
The context-specific proportion congruency effect was replicated.
Visual context cues were more effective than auditory cues in eliciting the effect.

Conclusions:

Findings support the memory-guided selective attention hypothesis.
Attentional priorities are associated with contextual cues and reinstated via memory.
Visual cues play a crucial role in memory-guided selective attention.