Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed to be a...

Equipotential Surfaces and Field Lines

Equipotential Surfaces and Field Lines

Electric potential can be pictorially represented as a three-dimensional surface. On such a surface, the electric potential is constant everywhere. The equipotential surface is always perpendicular to the electric field lines, and while it is three-dimensional, it can be treated as an equipotential line in a two-dimensional case. These equipotential lines are also always perpendicular to electric field lines. The term equipotential is often used as a noun, referring to an equipotential line or...

Standing Waves in a Cavity

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic Waves

James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws of electricity and...

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Apoptotic Bodies: Decoding Their Functional Messages in Physiology and Pathology.

Cell biochemistry and function·2026

Same author

A novel immune checkpoint-based signature predicts immunotherapy benefit in "driver gene-negative" lung adenocarcinoma.

Cancer letters·2026

Same author

Chicken <i>PPARγ</i> Undergoes Alternative Polyadenylation to Produce Five 3'UTR Isoforms with Distinct Regulatory Functions.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026

Same author

Negative temperature coefficient metamaterial absorber for uniform microwave heating.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Molecular-level analysis of chemical transformation of algal extracellular organic matter during seawater ozonation: Dominant reaction pathways and impacts of halide ions.

Water research·2026

Same author

High-Efficiency Generation of Vectorial Terahertz Beams via Surface-Wave-Excited Dielectric Metasurfaces.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

Generating vectorial optical fields via surface-wave-excited complex-amplitude metasurfaces.

Xiangyu Jin¹, Yu He², Jianru Li¹

¹Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precisio Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, College of Future Information Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Light, Science & Applications

|May 27, 2026

Summary

This study introduces a new method for creating on-chip photonic devices that precisely control light. These devices efficiently generate complex vectorial optical fields for advanced integrated optics applications.

More Related Videos

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

Published on: September 25, 2020

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

Published on: September 25, 2020

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Area of Science:

Integrated Photonics
Metasurface Optics
Terahertz (THz) Technology

Background:

Traditional on-chip photonic systems for generating vectorial optical fields (VOFs) are often bulky and lack flexible control.
Existing metasurfaces (MSs) typically use propagating waves and only phase modulation, limiting their VOF generation capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a general strategy for designing metasurfaces (MSs) that enable independent control of amplitude and phase for orthogonal polarizations under surface wave (SW) excitation.
To demonstrate the efficient generation of pre-designed VOFs using these novel MSs.

Main Methods:

Design and fabrication of complex amplitude metasurfaces (MSs) for Terahertz (THz) surface wave (SW) excitation.
Utilizing a modified Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm incorporating both amplitude and phase modulations.
Experimental validation of VOF generation, including directional beams, focal points, and holographic images.

Main Results:

Demonstrated generation of two directional beams with orthogonal polarizations and pre-designed intensities using a complex amplitude MS under THz SW excitation.
Successfully created two focal points with distinct intensities in the far field.
Generated pre-designed scalar and vectorial holographic images with improved quality and flexibility compared to phase-only MSs.

Conclusions:

Established a novel on-chip platform for generating complex vectorial fields via SW-excited MSs.
The proposed method offers independent amplitude and phase control for enhanced VOF generation.
Paves the way for applications in encrypted holography and augmented reality within integrated optics.