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Related Concept Videos

Microbe-Plant Interactions01:09

Microbe-Plant Interactions

Microbe-plant interactions represent a dynamic spectrum of associations shaped by intricate chemical signaling. These interactions can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental, and profoundly influence plant physiology, growth, and ecosystem function. The plant microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in mediating these effects through surface colonization, internal colonization, or systemic symbiosis.Mutualistic associations, particularly with...
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Endophyte Bacillus sp. RE35 Enhances Cd Trap in Rice Roots Via Root Cell Wall Remodelling During Colonisation.

Wei Chen1,2, Yixin Wu1,2, Yan Gao1,2,3

  • 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Plant, Cell & Environment
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant growth-promoting endophytes like Bacillus sp. RE35 can reduce cadmium uptake in rice. This microbe enhances root retention by modifying cell walls and regulating plant transporters, improving food safety.

Keywords:
auxincadmiumcadmium sequestrationcell wall remodellinggrowth‐promoting endophyte

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Cadmium accumulation in rice threatens food safety and human health.
  • Plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPEs) show potential for mitigating cadmium stress.
  • Mechanisms of microbe-mediated cadmium reduction, especially plant-microbe interactions, require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms by which the root endophyte Bacillus sp. RE35 reduces cadmium uptake in rice.
  • To elucidate the role of plant-microbe interactions in cadmium retention within rice roots.
  • To understand how endophyte colonization influences plant physiological and molecular responses to cadmium stress.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of cadmium-tolerant, IAA-producing Bacillus sp. RE35 from rice.
  • Confocal microscopy using red fluorescent protein for visualizing endophyte root colonization.
  • Quantitative PCR for strain-specific gene quantification and analysis of colonization-related genes.
  • Analysis of cadmium distribution in roots and shoots, and gene expression profiling of plant cadmium transporters and cell wall biosynthesis pathways.

Main Results:

  • Bacillus sp. RE35 successfully colonized the rice root apoplast, inducing root morphological changes via IAA biosynthesis.
  • RE35 inoculation significantly increased cell wall-bound cadmium in roots (by 64.7%) and reduced shoot cadmium accumulation (by 24.1%-49.7%).
  • Endophyte-mediated effects involved activation of plant receptor kinases and upregulation of cell wall biosynthesis genes (pectin, hemicellulose, lignin).
  • RE35 modulated cadmium transport by downregulating influx transporters (OsNRAMP5, OsZIP5/9) and upregulating vacuolar sequestration (OsHMA3).

Conclusions:

  • Bacillus sp. RE35 enhances cadmium retention in rice roots through apoplastic immobilization.
  • The mechanism involves coordinated auxin signaling, receptor kinase activation, and cell wall remodeling.
  • This study provides a mechanistic basis for using endophytes in sustainable agriculture for managing cadmium-contaminated environments.