Lumbar Disk Herniation in Athletes

Lumbar disk herniation (LDH) is a common cause of low back pain and radiculopathy in athletes, particularly in contact sports. The unique biomechanical demands on the athlete's spine and the pressure for expedited return-to-play (RTP) create distinct challenges in management. This review summarizes the epidemiology, biomechanics, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment options, return-to-play considerations, and outcomes of LDH in athletic populations. Lumbar disk herniation in athletes can be managed successfully with both conservative and surgical strategies, with most athletes achieving pain relief and returning to play without permanent limitations. Nonoperative care is effective in the majority of cases, while microdiscectomy offers reliable outcomes when needed without necessarily compromising performance. Sport-specific physical demands influence recovery and career longevity after LDH, underscoring the importance of individualized rehabilitation and return-to-play planning. With appropriate management, even athletes in high-risk sports can expect a high likelihood of return to play.