Related Concept Videos
01:18Anxiety: Overview
Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
01:28Social Anxiety Disorder
Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
03:34Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood
Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.
02:45Self-Discrepancy Theory
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
01:28Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Styles
Attachment theory, developed initially to explain infant–caregiver bonds, has been extended to illuminate patterns of intimacy in adult romantic relationships. Psychologists Cindy Hazan and Phillip Shaver proposed that the attachment styles observed in infancy form a framework for how individuals approach emotional closeness and conflict in adulthood. These attachment styles—secure, avoidant, and anxious—are linked to enduring patterns of behavior and emotional regulation in adult relationships.
01:30Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
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Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 29, 2026
04:20
Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety
Published on: November 11, 2022
Revealing symptom-level vulnerabilities between academic involution and anxiety: a network analysis.
Shanshan Xu1, Siyang Shao2, Ning Yue1
1Huainan Union University, Huainan, Anhui, China.
BMC Psychology
|May 28, 2026
Summary
Academic involution, characterized by escalating but low-yield academic effort, is linked to student anxiety. Key anxiety symptoms like dizziness and panic, and factors such as effort-reward imbalance, were identified as central in this relationship.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Sociology
- Higher Education Studies
Background:
- Academic involution, defined as escalating but low-yield academic effort, is prevalent in Chinese higher education.
- While a general link between academic involution and anxiety exists, specific symptom associations require clarification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the symptom-to-symptom associations between academic involution and anxiety among Chinese undergraduates.
- To identify central and bridge symptoms within the academic involution-anxiety network.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional survey of 1,403 undergraduates in Shandong Province, China.
- Assessment of academic involution using the Academic Involution Scale and anxiety symptoms via the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.
- Estimation of a regularized partial correlation network using Graphical Gaussian Models with EBIC-LASSO.
Main Results:
- Academic involution dimensions positively correlated with anxiety (r=0.35-0.63).
- Central anxiety symptoms included dizziness, panic, and faintness.
- Effort-reward imbalance and self-monitoring emerged as key bridge symptoms.
Conclusions:
- Academic involution is conditionally associated with anxiety through specific cognitive-behavioral and physiological patterns.
- Findings suggest targeted interventions for cognitive evaluations and somatic stress responses.
- The study provides a framework for future research on academic stress and mental health in higher education.