Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Reality Exercises on Joint Proprioception, Balance, Fall Risk, Functional...

Pregnancy-related biomechanical, hormonal, and neuromuscular changes can impair proprioception, reduce balance, and increase fall risk. Although exercise is recommended, adherence remains low due to limited engagement. Immersive virtual reality (IVR)-based exercise may provide a safe and engaging alternative; however, evidence in pregnant populations is limited. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of IVR-based exercises on joint proprioception and fall-related functional outcomes in pregnant women.

This single-center, assessor-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial will include 130 pregnant women (18-35 years) who have completed 12 weeks of gestation. Participants will be randomly allocated to an IVR exercise group or a standard care group using block randomization. The IVR group will receive supervised VR-based exercises three times per week for 8 weeks, while the control group will receive routine antenatal care and home-based activity advice. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline (13 weeks), post-intervention (20 weeks), during follow-up at 24, 28, and 32 weeks of gestation, and at 6 and 8 weeks postpartum. The primary outcome is joint position sense. Secondary outcomes include balance, functional mobility, fall risk, physical activity, and quality of life. Assessments will be conducted by a blinded assessor and analyzed using an intention-to-treat approach.

This trial will evaluate whether IVR-based exercise improves proprioception and functional outcomes compared with standard care.

This study will provide evidence on the role of IVR as a novel intervention for improving proprioception and reducing fall risk during pregnancy. The findings may support physiotherapists in implementing engaging, patient-centered, and safe rehabilitation strategies.

The clinical trial is registered with CTRI (CTRI/2024/10/075445).